Abstract:
The study of translation is a well-established field of scholarly activity. The discipline has taken its position in
academia as a subject of serious research and study. This article is a reference work and practical guide for the
benefit of professional translators and interpreters, and for students and researchers in the field of translation and
interpreting studies and allied disciplines. Furthermore, the concepts and issues central in the development of the
discipline are addressed. In addition, it deals with the translation of written texts of nine major types, and the
translation of texts used in advertising and localization. It also covers signed language interpreting. The interaction
between humans and technological tools in translational contexts, and its commercial applications are also
discussed. Finally, the article focuses on the varied forms of training and education available to prospective
translators and interpreters, including the prerequisites for admission to programmes and difficulties associated
with assessment.
Description:
The central place occupied by translation and interpreting in human culture has long been recognized, and can
hardly be overstated. In a globalized world, it is all too easy to take it for granted, and forget that, without these
activities, linguistic communities would be condemned to a degree of cultural isolation which is nowadays difficult
to imagin
